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Ykey and its legacy version, Xkey, implement tag-based invalidation ofcached objects. This allows for faster object purging than the usual bans, whilealso being more maintainable.

The logic for both VMODs is the same: relying on each object being given a listof tags, either by the backend or by the VCL. The user can then ask for acertain tag to be purged, leading to all objects featuring that tag to beinvalidated.

Ykey is the newer and current version and should be used as Xkey isdeprecated. Both VMODS are available in the varnish-plus package.

Ykey is a feature that adds secondary keys to objects, allowing fastpurging on all objects with this key. This VMOD provides the userinterface for integration into the VCL configuration.

The purge operation may be hard or soft. A hard purge immediately removesthe matched objects from the cache completely. A soft purge will expirethe objects, but keep the objects around for their configured grace andkeep timeouts (grace for stale object delivery to clients while the nextfetch is in progress, and keep for conditional fetches).

The keys are managed in-core for efficient handling of many keys, and cansafely handle purge operations on keys that span the entire cache. It alsointerfaces with the MSE stevedore, providing persistence of the Ykey datastructure on disk for persisted caches. This makes the Ykey dataimmediately accessible upon restarts of Varnish, removing the needfor the lengthy and I/O intensive re-evaluation of all objects and theirassociated keys.

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To use Ykey, you need to import the ykey VMOD into your VCLconfiguration. The keys to associate with an object need to be specifiedspecifically by calling one or more of the add key VMOD functions invcl_backend_response.

The following example adds all keys listed in the backend responseheader named Ykey, and a custom one for all URLs starting with /content/image/:

To purge objects using Ykey, you will need to map the purge function toyour VCL to invoke it. You should use e.g. ACLs to limit the purges toauthorized callers. The following example creates a simple purge interfaceinvoked as an HTTP endpoint, limited to localhost. If a header calledYkey-Purge is present, it will purge using Ykey and the keys listed inthe header. If not, fall back to regular purge:

Transitioning from XKey

The Ykey feature is similar in functionality to the Xkey VMOD, but is betterintegrated in core Varnish in order to solve several scalabilityissues that exist with the Xkey VMOD.

The API provided by the Ykey VMOD is not directly backwards compatiblewith Xkey. Due to technical limitations in the way it integrates withVarnish, Xkey had to make use of an object header with a magic name(xkey, or for historical reasons X-HashTwo) to list the keys toassociate with an object. This method was cumbersome to use, especiallywhen needing to amend the list of keys provided from the backend inVCL. Ykey instead requires the keys to associate with an objectto be specified in VCL, and provides functions to add each key of abackend header in one go.

Another shortcoming in Xkey that has been addressed, is how to separateindividual key strings from headers. Xkey would always split strings onwhitespace. In Ykey the way to split strings is configurable, and defaultsto splitting on commas and whitespace, which matches better with commonheaders.

The following VCL example provides an Xkey backwards compatibility snippetthat can be integrated into your VCL to quickly start using Ykey by addingthe keys from the magic Xkey headers (xkey and X-HashTwo), keepingwith XKey’s method of separating strings:

Functions

VOID add_key(PRIV_TASK, STRING key)

Adds the key to the list of keys associated with the objectbeing fetched.

VOID add_keys(PRIV_TASK, STRING keys, STRING sep = ', ')

Splits the string keys into individual elements, separated bycharacters from the string sep, and adds each of them to thelist of keys associated with the object being fetched.

VOID add_hashed_keys(STRING keys, STRING sep = ', ')

Splits the string keys into individual elements, separated bycharacters from the string sep, and adds each of them to thelist of keys associated with the object being fetched, with theassumption they are already hashed.

VOID add_header(PRIV_TASK, HEADER hdr, STRING sep = ', ')

Find all headers named hdr, and do an add_keys operationusing the specified separator sep on each of them.

VOID add_hashed_header(HEADER hdr, STRING sep = ', ')

Find all headers named hdr, and do an add_hashed_keys operationusing the specified separator sep on each of them.

VOID add_blob(PRIV_TASK, BLOB blob)

Adds a key by hashing the bytes described by blob.

INT purge(PRIV_TASK, STRING key, BOOL soft = 0)

Purge the cache of all objects that have the association key keyon them. If soft is true, the purge will be a soft purge,setting ttl to zero, but leaving grace and keep as is. Thereturn value is the number of objects that were affected by theoperation.

INT purge_keys(PRIV_TASK, STRING keys, STRING sep = ', ', BOOL soft = 0)

Split the string keys using the separator sep, and do a purgeon each of them (soft purge if soft is true). The return valueis the number of objects that were affected by the operation.

INT purge_header(PRIV_TASK, HEADER hdr, STRING sep = ', ', BOOL soft = 0)

Finds all headers named hdr, and do a purge_keys operationusing the separator sep on each of them. The return value is thenumber of objects affected by the operation.

INT purge_blob(PRIV_TASK, BLOB blob, BOOL soft = 0)

Purge the objects associated with the key described by hashing blob. Thereturn value is the number of objects affected by the operation.

STRING get_hashed_keys(STRING sep = ',')

Gets all the hashed keys added to an object and returns them as stringseperated by sep. Wallpaper for mac apple.

VOID namespace(PRIV_TASK, STRING namespace)

Makes all Ykey calls after this to be namespaced to the providednamespace for the duration of the client/backend. It isrequired that this is called in both the backend requestand client request if you want everything to be namespaced.

*Note: The XKey module is provided only for legacy compatibility with Varnish Open-Source, notably: XKey and MSE are incompatible and must not be used together. If you are using XKey, please migrate to YKey as soon as possible.

VCL example

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This article describes how to configure Windows to automate the logon process by storing your password and other pertinent information in the registry database. By using this feature, other users can start your computer and use the account that you establish to automatically log on.

Original product version: Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2
Original KB number: 324737

Important

The autologon feature is provided as a convenience. However, this feature may be a security risk. If you set a computer for autologon, anyone who can physically obtain access to the computer can gain access to all the computer's contents, including any networks it is connected to. Additionally, when autologon is turned on, the password is stored in the registry in plain text. The specific registry key that stores this value can be remotely read by the Authenticated Users group. This setting is recommended only for cases in which the computer is physically secured and steps have been taken to make sure that untrusted users cannot remotely access the registry.

Use Registry Editor to turn on automatic logon

Important

This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For added protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, see How to back up and restore the registry in Windows.

To use Registry Editor to turn on automatic logon, follow these steps:

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1. Click Start, and then click Run.

2. In the Open box, type Regedit.exe, and then press Enter.

3. Locate the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionWinlogon subkey in the registry.

4. Double-click the DefaultUserName entry, type your user name, and then click OK.

5. Double-click the DefaultPassword entry, type your password, and then click OK.

   If the DefaultPassword value does not exist, it must be added. To add the value, follow these steps:

   1. On the Edit menu, click New, and then point to String Value.

   2. Type DefaultPassword, and then press Enter.

   3. Double-click DefaultPassword.

   4. In the Edit String dialog, type your password and then click OK.

      Note

      If no DefaultPassword string is specified, Windows automatically changes the value of the AutoAdminLogon key from 1 (true) to 0 (false), disabling the AutoAdminLogon feature.

6. On the Edit menu, click New, and then point to String Value.

7. Type AutoAdminLogon, and then press Enter.

8. Double-click AutoAdminLogon.

9. In the Edit String dialog box, type 1 and then click OK.

10. If you have joined the computer to a domain, you should add the DefaultDomainName value, and the data for the value should be set as the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the domain, for example contoso.com..

11. Exit Registry Editor.

12. Click Start, click Shutdown, and then type a reason in the Comment text box.

13. Viber free call for mac. Click OK to turn off your computer.

14. Restart your computer. You can now log on automatically.

Note

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• To bypass the AutoAdminLogon process and to log on as a different user, press and hold the Shift key after you log off or after Windows restarts.
• This registry change does not work if the Logon Banner value is defined on the server either by a Group Policy object (GPO) or by a local policy. When the policy is changed so that it does not affect the computer, the autologon feature works as expected.
• When Exchange Active Sync (EAS) password restrictions are active, the autologon feature does not work. This behavior is by design. This behavior is caused by a change in Windows 8.1 and does not affect Windows 8 or earlier versions. To work around this behavior in Windows 8.1 and later versions, remove the EAS policies in Control Panel.
• An interactive console logon that has a different user on the server changes the DefaultUserName registry entry as the last logged-on user indicator. AutoAdminLogon relies on the DefaultUserName entry to match the user and password. Therefore, AutoAdminLogon may fail. You can configure a shutdown script to set the correct DefaultUserName.
• You can use the Sysinternals tool AutoLogon to enable this functionality easier. This tool also helps you to use an encrypted version of password.